Bending Moment kya hai:
Bending moment ek force ya torque hota hai jo kisi structure (jaise beam, column, ya slab) ko bend ya curve karne ki koshish karta hai. Ye usually external loads (weight, pressure, ya forces) ke wajah se create hota hai, jab wo structure ke cross-section pe rotate karne ka effect dalte hain.
Simple samjho:
- Jab koi beam pe bich mein weight rakha jata hai, toh beam thodi si curve ya jhuk jati hai. Ye jhukne ka effect bending moment ki wajah se hota hai.
- Bending moment ka kaam structure ke fibers ko ek taraf compress (dabana) aur dusri taraf stretch (kheenchana) karna hota hai.
Formula:
Bending Moment (M) = Force × Perpendicular Distance (force ka point se structure ke pivot ya support tak ka distance).
Unit: Newton-meter (N-m) ya kN-m.
Types:
- Sagging Bending Moment: Jab beam bich mein jhuk kar “U” shape banati hai (top pe compression, bottom pe tension).
- Hogging Bending Moment: Jab beam bich mein upar uth kar “∩” shape banati hai (top pe tension, bottom pe compression).
Example:
- Ek bridge ke beam pe jab traffic ka load aata hai, toh beam ke bich mein bending moment banta hai, jisse beam thodi jhuk sakti hai.
- Ek cantilever shelf pe jab books rakhe jate hain, toh shelf ke fixed end pe bending moment zyada hota hai.
Vs. Shear Force:
- Shear force structure ko “cut” ya slide karne ki koshish karta hai.
- Bending moment structure ko “bend” ya curve karne ki koshish karta hai.